Mu bumenyi bw’isi, mu mashuri bigishwa umurongo ugabanya Isi mo kabiri cyangwa umukandara wa Ekwateri uzwi nka “Equateuri” mu ndimi z’amahanga.
Uyu murongo cyangwa uyu mukandara uzwi na none nka “0°” kuko niwo ugabanya Isi mo kabiri, hakabaho igice cy’amajyaruguru (Hemisphère Nord) n’amajyepfo (Hemisphère Sud).
Uyu mukandara wa Ekwateri uzwiho ubwiza buhebuje, aho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n’imico ikungahaye, bikomeje gukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi yose. Nyamara ubushyuhe buturuka kuri Ekwateri butuma ubwo bwiza butaganza kuko bwa bushyuhe butera indwara zikomeye, zirimo malariya n’indwara z’ibyorezo biva mu nyamaswa.
Kera igisubizo cyari kigoye kuko byadindizaga ingendo zari ngombwa ndetse n’imipaka igafungwa, bityo ubukungu bukahazaharira. Ariko noneho ubu hari impinduka nshya kuri bimwe mu bihugu biri kuri uyu murongo wa Ekwateri.
Impuguke mu by’ubukerarugendo zirimo Dr. Siya Aggrey zigaragaza ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’Itangazamakuru n’Itumanaho (ICT) byubaka uburyo bunoze bwo kurinda abaturage indwara hagendewe ku makuru ari nabwo buryo bukurikirana indwara byihuse kandi budahungabanije ubukerarugendo.
Ubukerarugendo nk’inkingi y’Ubukungu mu kaga
Ubukerarugendo si imvugo gusa ku bihugu byo ku mukandara wa Ekwateri ahubwo nibwo nkingi ya mwamba y’ubukungu kuko bwinjiza amadevize ari nayo akoreshwa mu kubaka ibikorwaremezo, butanga kandi n’akazi kuri miliyoni z’abaturage kandi bukagira uruhare mu kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije.
Bisanzwe bizwi ko iyo icyorezo giteye, gikwirakwira hose kandi vuba kurusha indwara ubwazo, ari nayo mpamvu habaho gufunga imipaka bya huti huti noneho ingaruka zabyo zigashegesha abaturage kurusha indwara, imirimo nyinshi igahagarara ndetse bigakoma no mu nkokora gahunda yo kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Wakwibaza ngo uru ruhererekane rw’Ubwoba rwahagarikwa gute?
Ikibazo nyamukuru kiba kiriho ni ugutinda kumenya indwara mu buryo bwa gakondo bwanditse ku mpapuro ariko iyo itsinda ry’abarwaye rimaze kumenyekana, indwara iba yamaze gukwirakwira, bigatuma Leta ihitamo gufunga igihugu cyose.
Ikoranabuhanga rya ICT rihagarika urwo ruhererekane, rigasimbuza ubwoba cyangwa ibinyoma amakuru y’ukuri kandi yihariye kuri buri gace. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwifashishwa bwa mbere bugaragaza ko ari icyorezo mbere y’uko gihinduka ikibazo cy’igihugu.
Ni izihe Sisitemu ziburira bwa mbere?
Nta zindi Sisitemu zikoreshwa uretse izishingiye kuri “Cloud” ariyo miyoboro ya digitali (Digital) igezweho mu gukusanya amakuru atagira amazina ava ahantu hatandukanye kugira ngo ikore sisitemu zo kuburira kare. Ikoranabuhanga rya Machine Learning rikurikirana amagambo abantu bashakisha kuri internet ku bimenyetso by’indwara, imiti igurishwa muri farumasi, n’umubare w’abasiba ku kazi.
Nyuma y’ibi hakurikiraho guhuza amavuriro yo mu cyaro hashingiwe ku makuru yo hagati mu gihugu binyuze ku byogajutu (satellites) kuko nibyo bituma abayobozi babona byihuse aho icyorezo cyibasiye.
Na none kandi Ubwenge buhangano (AI) bukoresha imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu kwemeza ko indwara ziterwa n’imibu ziziyongera mu byumweru bike mbere y’uko abarwayi baza kwa muganga.
Mu kumenya aho indwara yahereye neza, Leta ifunga agace kamwe gusa ikabanza ikamenya amakuru yose mu gihe inzira nyamukuru z’ubukerarugendo ziri kure zo zikomeza gukora.
Uko Ubwenge buhangano (AI) bugenzura imipaka mu buryo bwihuse.
Birazwi ko ibibuga by’indege n’imipaka ari byo huriro rikomeye hagati y’ubukerarugendo n’inzego z’ubuzima mu gihe kera byasabaga imirongo miremire y’itumanaho no kwandika ku mpapuro bigatuma abantu bakoranira hamwe bikongera ibyago byo kwandura.
Ibikorwaremezo bishya bikoresha ibyuma kabuhariwe bizwi nka “camera za infrared” zipima umuriro w’abantu bagenda nta guhagarara, Pasiporo z’ubuzima zemezwa na “Blockchain” zituma ba mukerarugendo bohereza mbere y’ingendo impapuro zabo z’inkingo n’ibizamini. Ubu buhanga burinda ibanga ry’amakuru binyuze mu bimenyetsofatizo “Zero_ knowledge proofs” ari nabwo buryo bwizewe neza.
Imiyoboro yihutirwa n’Amakarita atanga amakuru byihuse.
Iyo ba mukerarugendo bamaze kwinjira, kubarinda bishingira ku itumanaho riboneye aho guhisha amakuru, aho Porogaramu za telefone zemewe na Leta zikoresha GIS mu gutanga amakarita yerekana umutekano mu kanya gato.
Niba icyaro kimwe kigaragayemo imibu myinshi, porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bugira buti: “Mwambare inzitiramibu cyangwa mufate indi nzira”. Na none mu gihe kimwe, imitego yihariye izwi nka “Internet of Things” (IoT) ikurikirana imibu mu mahoteli y’abamukerarugendo, igahita itanga n’imiti itangiza ibidukikije mbere y’uko abantu baziryamamwo.
Ubuvuzi bwihuse kuri ba mukerarugendo.
Mu kurinda no kumara impungenge ba mukerarugendo, hashingiwe ku bushobozi bw’amavuriro yo mu mahanga, hashyizweho gahunda y’ubuvuzi bwegerejwe abantu kugira ngo ba mukerarugendo bagire amahoro ari nabwo butuma batinyuka mu gihe cy’icyorezo.
Hashyizweho kandi imiyoboro yo gutanga amakuru ku buzima (Telehealth) ikemura iki kibazo aho itanga ubujyanama bwa muganga kuri telefone ku bimenyetso byoroheje.
Abakora mu mahoteli yo mu cyaro bashobora kohereza ibipimo by’ubuzima n’amafoto y’ibizamini ku bitaro byo mu mijyi kugira ngo byemezwe n’inzobere. Abashyitsi barwaye bavurirwa vuba aho bari, ibitaro byo mu karere ntibirengerwe kandi ubwoba bwo guhunga igihugu buragabanuka.
Igenamigambi ry’Ejo hazaza rihamye
Gushyira mu bikorwa ubu buryo bugezweho (Digital) busaba ubufatanye hagati ya Minisiteri y’ubuzima, ibigo by’itumanaho n’urwego rw’amahoteli. Bisaba kandi amategeko akomeye yo kurinda ibanga ry’amakuru kugira ngo hatabaho kuyakoresha nabi.
Nyamara, inyungu iragaragara mu kwirinda ubwoba bwa hato na hato habayeho kugenzura neza buri hantu kandi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, ibihugu byo kuri Ekwateri bishobora kurinda ubuzima rusange bwa ba mukerarugendo mu gihe bikomeje gufungurira imiryango yabyo isi yose.
Yanditswe na SETORA Janvier
