Mu rwego rwo kurengera umuco w’abanyarwanda no kurengera ibidukikije ndetse no guha agaciro ubukerarugendo, ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco kizwi nka “Red Rocks” cyateguye iserukiramuco rizahuzwa n’umuhango wo kwita izina 2026 abana b’ingangi mu nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Ijwi ry’umuturage rigomba kwivugira mu kurengera umuco n’ibidukikije.”
Ni iserukiramuco rizibanda ku muco gakondo haba ku biribwa; Ibinyobwa; iImyambarire; guhanga ibikoresho gakondo; Indirimbo n’imbyino ndetse n’imwe mu mihango; Imigenzo n’imiziririzo byakorwaga igihe cyo guterura umwana, kwita izina no kurya ubunnyano.
Mu ijambo ry’ikaze, Umuhuzabikorwa wa Red Rocks, Muhinda Charles yavuze impamvu nyamukuru y’iri serukiramuco n’ibizibandwaho.
Yagize ati: “Iri serukiramuco rizahuza abaturage, bamurika ibyo bakora cyane cyane bishingiye ku muco n’ubukerarugendo ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije kuko ari byo bigira ingaruka nziza ku mibereho y’abaturage, bagahuza umuco n’imibereho yabo, bityo bakagira icyo baheraho mu iterambere ryabo ari nayo mpamvu itagira abagenerwabikorwa ahubwo igira abafatanyabikorwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umuco wabo nk’abanyarwanda.”
Muhinda yakomeje asaba abafatanyabikorwa gukomeza kugira uruhare mu kurengera umuco aho yagize ati: “Muri iki cyumweru cy’iserukiramuco, turasabwa kurangwa n’ibikorwa byiza , kugira ibiganiro bigamije kungurana ibitekerezo byo kubungabunga umuco wacu kugira ngo utazcika ahubwo abuzukuru n’abuzukuruza bacu bakazawusanga nk’uko natwe twavutse tuwusanga, bityo iki cyumweru serukiramuco tukazakibyaza umusaruro tuganira ku isuku n’umuco wacu, tubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo biduteze imbere ariko cyane cyane mu byo dutegura nk’amafunguro n’ibinyobwa byose bigategurwa bishingiye ku muco gakondo n’isuku kuko n’isuku iri mu bigize umuco wacu.”
Wakwibaza uti ese iri serukiramuco ryateguwe na Red Rocks rihurira he n’umuhango wo kwita amazina abana b’Ingagi?
Kwita izina ni umugenzo ufite ibisobanuro mu murage w’abanyarwanda nk’umuco gusa, abenshi mu babyiruka hari abatazi ibyo “Kwita izina”, “guterura umwana”no “kurya ubunnyano” icyo bisobanura n’uko byakorwaga, bityo hakaba abumva umuhango ubera mu Kinigi wo kwita amazina abana b’ingagi ntibabihuze n’ibyakorwaga mu muryango w’abanyarwanda nk’umuco kandi utagomba gucika kuko nabyo biri mu murage wabo.
Muri iyi nkuru, Karibumedia.rw yifashishije bamwe mu babyeyi bageze mu zabukuru (Bashima Colette na Mariya Nyirarwangano) badusobanurira uko umuhango wo kwita izina wakorwaga n’icyo byari bimaze mu muco nyarwanda.
Mariya Nyirarwangano yagize ati: “Kwita izina ni umugenzo/umuhango wakorerwaga abana b’abantu kuva kera mu muryango nyarwanda, bigakorwa hari ababyeyi n’abaturanyi n’abana batoya bari hafi aho barimo abahungu n’abakobwa kandi hateguwe ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bitandukanye, biteguye mu buryo bwa kinyarwanda.”
Nyirarwangano yakomeje asobanura uko byakorwaga, agira ati: “Igihe cyo kwita umwana izina batekaga ibiryo bitandukanye birimo ibishyimbo; Amashaza; Imboga zitandukanye zirimo isogi; Isaga; Isogo; inyabutongo; Imbwija n’izindi za kinyarwanda noneho bagategura n’amata, bityo abana bakaza bakicara ku kirago, umugore wabyaye n’umugabo bicaye ku ntebe za kinyarwanda, umwana wavutse akazanwa kugira ngo ba bana bamuterure, buri wese amwita izina noneho barangiza bose kimwita izina, bakarya ubunnyano, nyuma bagataha ariko wa mwana amaze kwituma/ kunnya bityo, umubyeyi akazahitamo rimwe muri ya mazina yiswe wa mwana.”
Bashima Colette, akaba n’umukirigitananga, we yagize ati: “Ba bana bakimara kuhagera babahaga uduti tw’imitobotobo dufite amahango noneho abana bakajya guhinga, nyuma wa mugabo wabyaye, agafata amazi akabasanga mu mirima, akayabatera avuga ati:’ Nimutahe, imvura iguye.'”
Bagataha, bagera mu rugo, mbere yo guterura wa mwana wavutse, abahungu bakabangirwa imiheto mu giti cy’umucundura ndetse n’umwambi bakarasa [bitaga kumasha] bifuriza uwo mwana kuzaba intwari iyo yabaga ari umuhungu mu gihe abana b’abakobwa bo bahabwaga imyeyo bagakubura cyangwa bakaboha ibirago/imihururu n’ibyibo iyo habaga havutse umwana w’ umukobwa, bamwifuriza kuzaba intyoza muri iyo mirimo.”
Karibumedia.rw yanifashishije igitabo cya Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami yise “Imihango, imigenzo n’imiziririzo mu Rwanda” yanditse mu 1964, yasobanuye uko kurya ubunnyano, kwita izina cyangwa guterura umwana byakorwaga.
Ku byo kurya ubunnyano, asobanura ko abana babahaga ibyo kurya ku ntara, ibishyimbo bacucumiyemo imboga, mu tubumbe twinshi, amata y’inshyushyu n’ikivuguto nayo bakayabaha uko bangana. Ngo kubyita ubunnyano, nuko babaga babumbabumbye utubumbe twinshi, tumeze nk’uko umwana annya/yituma impande zose! Abana bagataha iwabo ari uko umwana aneye (Yitumye).
Ku byo kwita izina cyangwa guterura umwana, muri iki gitabo cya Musenyeri Bigirumwami havuga ko iyo abana bamaraga gutaha, aribwo umugore yasasaga uburiri, ubwo hari ku munsi wa munani abyaye, akararana n’umugabo we ariko umwe akirinda undi. Igihe cyo mu museke (mu Rukereza), umugabo akabwira umugore we ngo ngaho duterure umwana (bagahuza urugwiro) noneho bakita izina batoranije muri ya yandi babana bise.
Icyo gihe umugabo yajyaga hanze, yagaruka umugore akamuha umwana, akamusimbiza agira ati: “Kura ujye ejuru, nkwise kanaka ….” (akavuga izina amwise), Umugore nawe akita umwana agira ati: “Nyara aha, nyara aha, nkwise kanaka…” (akavuga izina nawe amuhaye). Ariko Bigirumwami akaba yaranditse ko izina ryahamaga umwana ari iryo yabaga yiswe na se. Izina kandi ryahabwaga umwana bitewe n’icyo ababyeyi bamwifuriza, igisobanuro cy’igihe barimo mu muryango cyangwa igihugu.
Kubera iki ingagi zitwa amazina y’abantu kandi ya kinyarwanda ari inyamaswa bantu?
Kwita izina ingagi ni gahunda ifite isooko kuri uwo muco nyarwanda, nk’uko ababyeyi basohoraga umwana bakamuha izina, bakifatanya n’abaturanyi mu byishimo by’umwana wavutse nk’uko kandi umuco wabaye umusingi ukomeye mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye by’igihugu niko umuco w’u Rwanda ufasha mu kwamamaza ubukerarugendo.
Iyo ukurikiye amateka y’igikorwa cyo kwita ingagi amazina, usanga mbere ingagi zarahabwaga amazina kugira ngo byorohereze abashakashatsi kuzikurikirana no kumenya iyarwaye, ariko haza gushyirwaho uyu muhango wo kwita izina bya kinyarwanda, aho ibirori byitabirwa n’abantu b’ingeri nyinshi, barimo abaturage; Abayobozi n’abanyamahanga.
Amazina ingagi zihabwa, aba afite igisobanuro nk’uko n’ubusanzwe umuntu yitwa izina rifite igisobanuro.
Marc Goldstone akora mu kigo gishinzwe kubungabunga umuco n’amateka nawe akaba yari yitabiriye iri serukiramuco. Yavuze ko muri Afurika bakorana n’imishinga 113 mu bihugu 35 harimo na Red Rocks yo mu Rwanda kandi ka yasanze Red Rocks ikora neza ari nabyo ngo byamushimishije cyane.
Yagize ati: “Mu kigo nkoramo, dukora tugamije kureba ko umuco wakomeza kubungabungwa kugira ngo bifashe abaturage kugera ku iterambere kuko nko muri Afurika dukorana n’imishinga 113 yo mu bihugu 35 harimo n’iyi Red Rocks, muri uyu mushinga tukaba tumaze kugera kuri Miliyoni imwe n’igice z’amadorari (1,5$) ariko intego si ukubwira ibigo by’Afurika ngo mukore mutya ahubwo ni ubufatanye kuko nibyo byifujwe cyane.”
Maric yakomeje avuga ko kubungabunga umuco n’ibidukikije aribyo nkingi ya mwamba y’iterambere, aho yagize ati: “Nta bidukikije,nta muco ahubwo byombi biruzuzanya kandi twatangiye kubibona kuko mu myaka yashize, ntibyabagaho ariko ubu biragenda biba byiza kuko umuco n’iterambere bijyana.”
Maric Goldstone yashoje ashimira u Rwanda cyane kuko Red Rocks muri Afurika irakataje mu kubungabunga umuco n’ibidukikije kandi ibikorwa byayo byose bigakorwa mu buryo bw’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco.
Yagize ati: “U Rwanda ni ruto ariko ibintu byose bakora mu Rwanda bigerwaho 100%, ni igihugu gito ariko gifite abaturage bashoboye kubera impamvu nk’esheshatu(6) zirimo umutekano; Indangagaciro z’umuco, uburyo rwikuye mu bibazo nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gushyira imbaraga mu bukerarugendo ari nayo mpamvu ruzakomeza gutsinda kubera ibitekerezo birambye. Kugira abaturage nk’abo rero niyo nsinzi kuko abantu niwo mutungo kamere w’igihugu.”
Koko rero, umurage ndangamuco usobanurwa nk’umurage ufatika n’udafatika w’abaturage batuye ahantu cyangwa uw’umuntu ukomoka ku bisekuru ugahererekanywa uko ibisekuru bisimburana kandi ufite agaciro mu rwego rw’ubumenyi n’ubuhanga, amateka n’ibisigaratongo, imitekerereze, ubugeni n’iyobokamana n’ibindi bifitanye isano n’umuco. Iki gisobanuro tugisanga mu ngingo ya kabiri y’Itegeko No 28/2016 ryo ku wa 22/7/2016 rigena ibungabungwa ry’umurage ndangamuco n’ubumenyi gakondo. Ingingo ya gatanu y’iryo tegeko igasobanura ko mu murage ndangamuco udafatika (intangible cultural heritage) harimo n’imigenzo.
Ikigo Red Rocks gikora ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco ntigikorera mu karere ka Musanze gusa ahubwo gifite n’ibindi bikorwa mu karere ka Nyagatare na Kayonza byose bishingiye ku kongera ibyiza by’umuco nyarwanda no kuwuteza imbere nawo ukabyarira abanyarwanda inyungu kuko kuva kera na kare, umuco wari umutungo w’abanyarwanda.
Yanditswe na SETORA Janvier
