Amakimbirane ari ku isi ntiyigeze aba menshi nk’uko bimeze ubu, kuva intambara ya kabiri y’isi yarangira mu mwaka wa 1945. Intambara n’amakimbirane biri mu isi y’ubu nibyo byinshi kurusha uko byagenze mbere y’ikinyejana cya 21, nyuma ya Yezu Kristu.
Mu mibare iheruka mu mwaka wa 2025 ya UCDP (Uppsala Conflict Data Program), iki kikaba ikigo cy’imwe muri kaminuza zo muri Suwede, yerekana ko ubu ku isi hari amakimbirane 65 arimo ayo Leta zihanganyemo hagati yazo n’andi abaturage bahanganyemo naza Leta zibayobora.
Muri yo, 13 yageze ku rwego rw’intambara, bisobanuye ko yateje urupfu rw’abantu nibura 1,000 bishwe mu mwaka umwe. Iki ni ikigereranyo giherwaho kerekana ubukana intambara cyangwa amakimbirane biba bifite ku buzima bw’abasivile ahanini, urupfu nirwo rubi kurusha ubuhunzi cyangwa andi mage aterwa n’intambara. Ikindi kigo cy’ubushakashatsi kitwa SIPRI cyo kivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2025 hari ibihugu 49 byari mu makimbirane akoreshwamo intwaro, harimo intambara eshanu zikomeye buri ntambara ikaba yarahitanye abantu barenga 10,000.
Intambara eshanu zikomeye ziri mu isi ya none ni izi zikurikira:
Uburusiya/ Ukraine
Mu by’ukuri, intambara hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2014. Nyuma yaje gucogora, aho Uburusiya bwigaruriye Crimea ariko ntibwashirwa. Ubwo abantu bari bari muri Guma mu Rugo kubera COVID 19, nibwo Vladmir Putin uyobora Uburusiya yatekereje asanga gutera Ukraine byaba bikwiye mu rwego rwo gukumira ko yakwakirwa muri OTAN.
Impamvu zateye iyo ntambara zirimo ubushake bw’Uburusiya bwo kwigarurira Ukraine kugira ngo itazaba irembo ry’Amerika n’Uburayi, ubwo bushake bukaba bwaratumye ku italiki 24 Gashyantare 2022 abasirikare b’Uburusiya barenga 100,000 begerezwa umupaka wa Ukraine. Nyuma y’ibyumweru bike, intambara yahise irota. Imibanire ya Ukraine n’Uburengerazuba bw’isi ni ukuvuga Amerika n’Uburayi niyo yarakaje Uburusiya kuko yari igamije ko Kyiv (Umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine) yinjira muri OTAN, ikintu Uburusiya bwasanze cyaba ari ukuyivogera.
Ingaruka z’iyi ntambara zabaye nyinshi zirimo ibura ry’ibinyampeke, gukora imishyikirano (ihenze kandi itaragira icyo igeraho) ibihano ku Burusiya; Inkunga ya gisirikare ku Ukraine; Gusenyuka kw’ibikorwa remezo; Impunzi; Ibibazo by’ibiribwa n’ingufu; Umutekano w’Uburayi no kwiyongera kw’ingengo y’imari ya gisirikare. Kugeza muri Kanama 2026, imirwano iracyakomeza kandi ibiganiro by’amahoro ntacyo birageraho.
Intambara ya Sudani
Iyi ntambara yatangiye rwagati muri Mata 2023 ku italiki 15, kurwanira ubutegetsi hagati y’abasirikare b’igihugu bagize Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) n’ababigometseho bagize icyo bise Rapid Support Force “RSF”, nibyo byateje iyi ntambara n’ubu igica ibintu.
Imiryango mpuzamahanga irimo na Afurika yunze ubumwe iracyakomeje kureba uko yakunga impande zihanganye ariko n’ubu ntibirakunda. Hasabwe kenshi ko habaho agahenge k’igihe kirekire, kakaba uburyo bwaherwaho hakorwa ibiganiro byahuza abanya Sudani ngo bashake umuti bemeranyijeho ariko ntacyo biratanga.
Abantu benshi bavanywe mu byabo; Inzara iranuma muri iki gihugu gisanzwe gikize kuri Petelori; Gusenyuka kw’ibikorwa remezo kandi bikagira n’ingaruka ku mutekano w’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba. Abakurikirana ibyo mu bihugu by’Abarabu, bavuga ko kimwe mu bindi abarwana muri Sudani bapfa, ari zahabu ishakwa na Leta ziyunze z’Abarabu zishyigikiye RSF ndetse na Arabiya Sawudite ishyigikiye Leta ya Karthoum, umurwa mukuru wa Sudani.
Israel/ Hamas_ Gaza
Hari ku Cyumweru italiki 7 Ukwakira 2023, ubwo Hamas yicaga abaturage 130 ba Isiraheli igashimuta abandi benshi. I Yeruzalemu bahise bategura intambara ikomeye yo guhana Hamas no kuyirimbura burundu, iyo ntambara n’ubu ikaba itararangira neza. N’ubwo duhereye kuri iyo taliki, mu by’ukuri amakimbirane hagati ya Isiraheli na Palestine na Hamas si iy’ejo bundi.
N’ubwo kiriya gitero ari cyo wavuga ko cyabaye imbarutso y’intambara tubona ubu, ku rundi ruhande amakimbirane yo ashingiye kuri byinshi: Birimo n’uko Isiraheli igenda yigarurira ubutaka bwa Palestine buhoro buhoro, abahatuye bakayihimuraho bayigabah ibitero bya hato na hato. Isabel ivuga ko ifite uburenganzira bwo kubaho nk’igihugu cyemerwa n’amahanga, ibintu bamwee mu Barabu cyangwa Abisilamu barimo Iran batemera. Kutabyemera rero, bituma Isiraheli ikoresha ibishoboka byose bakabyemera ku ngufu.
Intambara ya Gaza yo mu mwaka wa 2023 iracyakomeje n’ubwo hari umuhati wo kuyirangiza ugirwamo uruhare na Amerika; Qatar; Misiri; Turikiya n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi mirongo, barimo abana n’abagore bari mubayiguyemo kandi yatumye ubuzima bw’abanya Gaza burushaho kuzahara.
Myanmar
Guhera ku italiki 1 Gashyantare 2021, muri iki gihugu cyo muri Aziya habereye Coup d’état y’ingabo ikuraho ubutegetsi bwatowe. Ikurikirwa n’uko abaturage bahagurutse barwanya ubwo butegetsi bwa gisirikare, baniyunga n’andi matsinda ngo abibafashemo. Ibiganiro byo guhosha iyi ntambara byagizwemo uruhare n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya nka Thailand, Philippines n’ubuhuza bw’akarere. Icyakora nayo ntirarangira mu buryo bufatika.
Abenshi mu baturage barahaguye, abana baba impfubyi; Abagore barapfakara; Impunzi ziba nyinshi kandi nta kizere cy’uko ayo makimbirane azahagarara mu buryo burambye, gusa muri iki gihe hari ibimenyetso by’uko ibiganiro bishobora gutangira ariko nta masezerano y’amahoro arambye arasinywa
DRC_ M23
Amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC afite amateka maremare ariko mu mwaka wa 2022 M23 yongeye gufata intwaro irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa, ishinja guheza no gutoteza abaturage b’iki gihugu bavuga Ikinyarwanda b’Abatutsi. Amakimbirane ashingiye ku miyoborere; Ivangura ry’amoko; Ubutaka; Amabuye y’agaciro; Imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’uruhare rw’ibihugu by’abaturanyi, biri mubivugwa ko bibangamiye amahoro muri iki gihugu.
Amerika; Qatar; Ubufaransa; Afurika yunze ubumwe; Umuryango wa Afurika y’Uburasirazuba…, biri mu bihugu byagize kandi bigifite uruhare mu guhuza impande zihanganye muri iki gihugu gifite umutungo kamere munini. Ikigo SIPRI kigaragaza ko muri DRC hari imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 100 kandi impamvu zirimo ubutaka; Amabuye y’agaciro; Politiki n’uruhare rw’abaturanyi biri mu byenyegeza ayo makimbirane.
Mali/ Sahel
Mu mwaka wa 2012 hari intambara yadutse muri Mali, nyuma ikwira mu karere. Imidugararo yatangijwe n’abaturage bita Tuareg igamije ko Leta ibumva, kuba Leta itari ifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura igihugu cyose (ni igihugu kinini cyane) kwaduka no gukwirakwira kw’imitwe y’iterabwoba nka al_ Qaeda na Islamic State, ubukene n’ibibazo by’imiyoborere biri mu byo abahanga bemeza ko byakuruye iyi ntambara.
Ingabo z’ibihugu by’akarere; Ibikorwa by’umutekano n’ubufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga ariko ibiganiro bya politiki biracyari ikibazo. Iterambere ryasubiye inyuma; Ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi birahungabana; Abaturage bahunga imirwano kandi imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikomeza kubona aho ikorera. Imitwe irimo: JNIM na FLA ikaba ikomeje kugarika ingogo kugeza n’ubu.
Nigeria_ Boko Haram
Mu mwaka wa 2009 nibwo Boko Haram yatangiye kuvugwa mu itangazamakuru ko yeguye intwaro ishaka ko igice cya Nigeria gituwe n’Abisilamu kiyoborwa bishingiye kuri Sharia, byakurikiwe n’amakimbirane yaguyemo abasivili benshi abandi barashimutwa barimo abana b’abakobwa bari abanyeshuri mu mashuri yisumbuye.
Abagize Boko Haram n’indi mitwe bavuga ko Leta ya Abuja yahejeje abantu mu bukene kandi igihugu gikize kuri petelori. Abantu benshi barapfuye, abandi barahunga; Amashuri arasenyuka n’ubuhinzi birahungabana; Abana bagira ihungabana kandi iterabwoba n’ubu rikomeje kugira ingaruka ku bukungu, Nigeria yari ifite imwe mu ntambara eshanu zikomeye kurusha izindi mu 2025.
Somalia/ Al_ Shabaab
Intambara ya Al_ Shabaab na Leta ya Somalia urebye usanga yaratangiye mu mwaka wa 2006. Intege nke za Leta; Intagondwa za kisilamu; Amakimbirane ya politiki n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, biri mu byayihembereye none kugeza n’ubu ntirarangira. Umuhati wo kuyirangiza wagizwemo uruhare n’ibihuugu bya Afurika yunze ubumwe birimo u Burundi, Uganda n’ibindi nturagira icyo ugeraho. Al_ Shabaab iracyafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora ibitero no kugenzura ibice bimwe by’igihugu.
Yemen_ Houthis
Guhera za 2014, nibwo aba Houthis bo muri Yemen bafashe umurwa mukuru w’iki gihugu witwa Sana’a. Intambara iri muri iki gihugu ishingiye ahanini k’uguhangana kwa Arabiya Sawudite (igihugu gikomeye mu Bisilamu b’Aba Sunni) na Iran (igihugu gikomeye mu Bisilamu n’Aba Shia). Iran ishaka ko Yemen iyoborwa n’Aba Shia kugira ngo bakome imbere ukwiganza kw’aba Sunni bashyigikiwe na Arabiya Sawudite.
UN n’ibihugu by’akarere byagiye bigerageza ibiganiro by’amahoro ariko ntakiragera ku mahoro arambe, agahenge ko mu mwaka wa 2022 kagabanyije imirwano ariko ntikakemuye ikibazo burundu. Inzara; Ubukene; Gusenyuka kwa serivisi z’ibanze n’ibikorwa remezo n’amakimbirane ku ikoreshwa ry’inyanja Itukura, biri mu bikomeje gutuma ayo makimbirane atarangira. Muri Kanama 2026, ibikorwa bya Houthis byongeye guteza impungenge zo gusubira ku ntambara ikomeye.
Sudani y’Epfo
Mu mwaka wa 2013 (hashize imyaka ibiri gusa iki gihugu kivuye mu yindi ntambara yo guharanira ubwigenge), nibwo amakimbirane hagati y’ingabo za Salva Kirr n’abasirikare ba Riek Machar yatangiye. Amacakubiri ashingiye ku bwoko, gusaranganya imyaka ya politiki n’uruhare rw’ibihugu byo mu karere biri mu byatumye iyo ntambara irota.
Amasezerano y’amahoro yo mu mwaka wa 2018 ntiyarambye, ibi byatumye ubukungu bwa Sudani y’Epfo budindira; Impunzi ziba nyinshi; Inzara iramuka; Abana ntibiga n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo n’ubutaka nayo ariyongera. Ikigo ACLED cyerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2025 habaye ibikorwa by’urugomo birenga 185,000 ku isi kandi abantu bagera kuri 831 miliyoni, hafi 16% by’abatuye isi bagizweho ingaruka nayo makimbirane.
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